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High Altitude Nature and Gardening (HANG) – Winter, our backyards, and forests

By Janet Sellers

With snow on the ground and ice in the shadows, it’s hard to think about our gardens growing. We hunker down with a good book and some hot tea, staying cozy and comfortable indoors. Outdoors, our fallen leaves and pine needles are doing the same thing for plants as a mulch, keeping the ground and soil and landscapes safe and cozy. This mulch will insulate the ground and keep it from thawing and freezing too many times over the winter.

Even if we’re new to the area and we don’t know how to garden in the ponderosa forest climate, we can look to Mother Nature, who has known how since pine trees began. Pine trees have been on Earth for around 150 million years, originating in the mid-Mesozoic Era. It would be great to hear what they have to tell us, and yet we can find out what they know by watching and learning from them.

During winter, plants prepare for spring by storing nutrients and carbon in underground organs like their roots, stems, and rhizomes; this allows them to survive the winter and regrow in spring. They’re not dead, and the roots survive the winter because sugars in the roots act as natural antifreeze.

A lot is going on underground where the winter temps don’t go. All the wonderful sugars made from the green leaves have gone to the roots of our plants, and they’re doing a special job over the winter while the rest of our forest life seems to be sleeping. An amazing fact about leaves is that they continue to create our forests even after they’ve dropped to the ground. Our ponderosa pines help protect our own backyard forest ecosystems in many ways over winter. Evergreens can send needed nutrients to other plants in their environs through the complex forest underground life systems.

Ponderosa pine needles can be used to make pine straw.

Pine needles and pine straw are the same thing, and ponderosa pine needles can be used to make garden-ready compost that improves soil fertility and tilth. The needles can be 5 to 10 inches long. In some areas, people gather and sell pine straw as a harvest crop. Pine needle litter can hold a significant amount of water, making it effective at retaining moisture in the soil, particularly when compared to other types of litter. However, the exact capacity depends on factors like the species of pine and the density of the needle layer; studies have shown that pine needles can absorb a considerable amount of water relative to their weight.

Ponderosa pine is an important tree species for wildlife. Its seeds are consumed by many species of birds including wild turkeys, nuthatches, crossbills, grosbeaks, and grouse. They are also eaten by squirrels, chipmunks, and mice. In the past, Native Americans have used the inner bark and seeds of the ponderosa pine as a food source. It was also utilized by native peoples for medicine, dye, fiber, and firewood.

Let’s help our ponderosa forests stay healthy by leaving their needles on the ground. For optimal tree health, it’s recommended to maintain a layer of ponderosa pine needles on the ground that is less than 3 inches deep; this allows for proper air circulation while still providing the benefits of natural mulch.

Janet Sellers is an avid “lazy gardener,” letting Mother Nature teach landscape success. Send your high-altitude garden and nature tips to JanetSellers@ocn.me.

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High Altitude Nature and Gardening (HANG) – Let’s protect our forests, soil, and gardens

By Janet Sellers

Trail markers, aka trail blazes

We will soon see some newer trail markers on trees in Fox Run Regional Park. Volunteers with the Friends of Fox Run Park made great efforts recently to put up new, silver-colored markers safely tacked to pine tree bark, (older versions were blue), but the markers have been disappearing for unknown reasons. These are traditional trail markers, especially useful and necessary in snowy, icy weather when we cannot see the actual trail.

Our high desert forest clime is dependent on its skin of soil and plants to survive. When we honor this part of the forest we cannot see, the part we can see has a better chance to thrive amid us humans, the invasive species. The trail markers thereby help protect the delicate forest ecosystem because we can stay on the trail and not damage the ecosystem underneath our big, human, heavily shod feet or the bicycles people ride. Please respect the forest floor, the “soul of the forest” and only step on trail areas. The trees will thank you by living longer and we can enjoy each other for a long, long time.

Above: Example of a trail marker.

Berry propagation

When the berry canes go dormant, it’s the perfect time to snip up some of the canes and root them. That’s one way to get a lot of berry plants. The primary canes are the new growth. They don’t make berries in their first year. There are many ways to root berry canes from the primary canes. Some gardeners say to snip the canes to 8 inches and store them until spring, others say to snip the canes and immediately set them to root in a rooting medium and care for them until spring planting.

Blindfold the Xmas cactus for blooms

Now is the time to cover the holiday cacti to force blooms in six weeks. They need 12 hours of darkness a day at about 55 degrees, so a cool spot is vital. With this 12-hour darkness trick, you can get Christmas cactus to bloom several times a year. Bring them out to enjoy when buds form. If the buds fall off, that could be due to a draft, too much sunlight, water or warmth. They thrive with these tips that seem like neglect.

November is also a good time to protect your garden plants and soils with some pine mulch. Six to 8 inches deep help keep them protected over the winter, letting in moisture, protecting the ecologically vital microbiome and even the insects birds need.

Above: Thanks to volunteers gifting tomato plants in spring, hundreds of tomatoes have been harvested at the Tri-Lakes Cares food garden. Young volunteers have been helping to plant, care for and harvest the crops. The green tomatoes harvested before a freeze and can be eaten cooked -or frozen as is – and used in any tomato recipe or replace tomatillos for salsa. Frozen green tomatoes can be used over the course of a year. If you have garden seeds or plants to share, please donate them to Tri-Lakes Cares for the food garden. Madeline and Audrey help Janet Sellers in the food garden to harvest green tomatoes. Photo by Janet Sellers.

Janet Sellers is an avid lazy gardener, letting Mother Nature show the way to enjoy gardening, harvests, and flowers. Please send your handy hints to JanetSellers@ocn.me.

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High Altitude Nature and Gardening (HANG) – The garden as investment: gardening is like banking

By Janet Sellers

Our high-desert forest clime relies on its natural system of growth and decay to thrive. When we vandalize that system, we are the robbers of the soil and the forest, and also our gardens if we choose to have those. We have to create our garden soil for the plant life we wish to have that also tolerates our crazy weather changes and cold winters.

Gardening is like banking. If you invest in the soil, you will be able to have produce and flowers, but continual reinvestment is vital. If you’re constantly taking from the soil and not putting things back such as taking the pine needles off the soil but not putting those back for the soil for the trees, your deficit, your debt to the tree, will cause the tree and the forest to die. That is why many slash and mulch sites that support fire mitigation do not accept the pine needles. Pine needles are a proven mulch that keeps the soil healthy underneath, and even if we have prepared that soil for crops we’d like to grow, the pine needles do their job.

We planted a lot of beans last year in the Tri-Lakes Cares garden because beans fix nitrogen into the soil. Then we took the beans out and it’s ideal to leave the roots in and just cut the tops off after they finished flowering. Those wonderful bean roots will feed the worms and this year’s microbes will create rich soil that will support our plants. This is garden investing at its finest.

In October, we have sunny days and cool to cold nights. Cold weather brassicas will still do well and even overwinter, especially with frost cloth on hoops or in the greenhouse. At the Tri-Lakes Cares food garden, we are still getting tomatoes due to the protective fence and the brick building keeping things warm and deer-proof. I let several of the different plants go to seed (even one plant offers thousands of seeds) to save for next year. These seeds are acclimated to our area from this year, so the hope is they’ll make strong and viable plants next year.

Zombie vegetables

The garlic and onions release components when cut/injured to ensure animals don’t eat them. That’s why onions release the components that make you cry and taste super spicy if you cut them first at the root end. Cut them at the stem end and they stay sweeter and tastier. We can leave the bottom 1 inch of the root part and it will regrow in water or soil and make tasty green shoots. Try putting different things to root in some water about an inch or two deep in a glass or bowl. Lettuce, celery, onions, scallions, leeks, fennel, and garlic grow easily indoors in pots.

Janet Sellers is a dauntless lazy gardener letting Mother Nature lead the way for low water gardening, using our natural forests’ wisdom as the guide to success. Send your garden tips to JanetSellers@ocn.me.

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High Altitude Nature and Gardening (HANG) – Cut and come again crops to plant in September

By Janet Sellers

Kale will rise again.

For years I did not eat kale because I didn’t know anything about it, but after I tried it both as young plant leaves and full mature leaves, I decided it was one of my favorite vegetables ever, not to mention it has amazing health benefits. Packed with superfood amounts of vitamins, minerals and plant compounds, we can eat it (and our dogs might like it, too!) in salad, steamed, stir-fried, in green smoothies, and even baked as kale chips. Fair warning, kale chips are so yummy and easy to make (just oil lightly and toast in the oven for 5-10 minutes) you may need a couple of bunches to make a batch—they go down easy and disappear quickly. Potato chips seem heavy and dull by comparison.

At the Tri-Lakes Cares food garden, protected from deer by the tall fence, we left our kale plants to overwinter sort of by accident due to an early snow last fall, but they came back in great shape in April, and we got three crops from them by the end of June. We just cut the leaves from the lower parts of the plant and the plants kept growing till 5 or 6 feet high for all of them, offering a very long harvest. We did the same with the lettuce. Then we let the plants flower and go to seed. Lots of seeds fell and they’re regrowing now. We’ll have plants for this fall season and for next year. We plan to leave the newer plants to overwinter making strong roots. The plants will then come back and grow again for us in late spring next year. It’s also possible that we could have them last for a few seasons. Some people can keep their kale plants for three years or more as long as they’re cut back and the roots are protected over the winter. It seems to work very well.

Many leafy greens and plants can be simple “cut and come again” food crops in the garden or in pots. “Zombie” plants can regrow in soil, such as lettuces and similar foods sold with root ends intact including scallions, celery, kale, bok choy, chard, herbs, and more. Even onion roots will sprout tasty leaves. Many herbs thrive with careful pruning, and we can propagate or eat the cuttings. Broccoli will sprout side shoots after the first top harvest. Broccoli, kale, and the brassicas originated from mustard greens, carefully tended over the centuries and bred to enhance the plant for nutrition, locale, and so on. We used to grow these in our kitchen window in a baking pan for transplanting, but in winter we can just harvest from the windowsill when they get big enough.

Letting our locally growing plants go to seed in fall can offer some good seeds that are hardy for our area for the next year.

Janet Sellers is an avid “lazy gardener” using deep mulch to spare watering and keep out weeds in the Back to Eden garden scheme. Your garden tips are very welcome; please send them to JanetSellers@ocn.me.

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High Altitude Nature and Gardening (HANG) – Back to Eden gardening and what to plant in August

By Janet Sellers

Our wood chips that come from local fire mitigation have a number of benefits. The official monikers for chunky wood mulch uses are “Back to Eden” and “permaculture” and use the many sizes of chips, which is key. Many people buy wood chips that are of a uniform size with mediocre benefits, but success with wood chips depends on chunky variable sized chips. The various sizes offer a slow but steady introduction of nutrients and organic materials and lets in moisture and keeps it in, creating a rich soil environment. It supports our growing beds precisely because of the mixed sizes. Some worry about freshly chipped wood mulch as a nitrogen robber. But the mulch stays on top of the soil, and at a safe, 6 inches thick, it kills unwanted grasses and blocks weeds without any digging since it blocks sunlight and yet retains moisture. We can then lift open a planting space in the chips, plant some seeds, put back the chips and seedlings can grow up and out of the soil through the mixed chips.

Mixed chips allow for air pockets gently letting water in and maintain fluffy soil, not a packed soil that happens with irrigation from the top sans mulch protection. There is almost no evaporation, and this mulch keeps consistent optimal temperatures for the soil regardless of hot days or cold nights. It saves on watering, too. Good soil is alive with microbes that depend on such specifics, and protecting it is vital to our plants. The mixed wood chips do that and protect the soil from erosion as well. Are there bugs? No! The chipping process fixes that. Diseases are also not likely and mostly a non-issue. And the best part? We can get a wood chip mulch supply for free through September at Black Forest slash, evenings or weekends. Just check out www. bfslash.org. It’s located at Shoup and Herring Roads, Colorado Springs.

As August begins, our fall seedling efforts start. We can do our brassicas and even beans and lettuces started from seed for a fall harvest. Our hot, dry June and July season was not a normal summer for our climate but may become more common as the years go by. For the last few years, we’ve had hotter temperatures than I remember ever having at our altitude. It fried our grasses this year, but for those of us with wood chips as our “Back to Eden” garden beds, the soil moisture kept up with the heat and we’ve had success with lots of warmth-loving crops. Marigolds and other annual flowers can be started now and enjoyed through the fall. I saved huge bags of marigold seeds from last year’s flowers so I could have a whole landscape of them if planted—what a concept.

Above: The Tri-Lakes Cares Garden with greens and healthy food. Ohlmer family volunteers have been tending the garden and bringing things to Tri-Lakes Cares’ little market. Photo by Janet Sellers.

Janet Sellers is an avid Back to Eden/permaculture “lazy gardener” letting Mother Nature lead the way for healthy soil and healthy gardens. Send your handy garden tips to JanetSellers@ocn.me.

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